To quote Wikipedia: "The University of Oxford has no known foundation date. Teaching at Oxford existed in some form as early as 1096, but it is unclear when a university came into being. It grew quickly from 1167 when English students returned from the University of Paris. The historian Gerald of Wales lectured to such scholars in 1188 and the first known foreign scholar, Emo of Friesland, arrived in 1190. The head of the university had the title of chancellor from at least 1201, and the masters were recognised as a universitas or corporation in 1231. The university was granted a royal charter in 1248 during the reign of King Henry III."
The "12th century" answer (which is beyond dispute for the foundation of Barts and the papacy of Adrian IV) presumably refers to 1167, when (according to Wikipedia in the introduction to the same page) King Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
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